Functional genomics has helped
us identify a catalog of genetic and epigenetic alterations that may be exploited as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers of response. New treatment combinations targeting ER and such oncogenic signaling pathways which block the crosstalk between these pathways have been proven effective in preclinical models. Results of recent clinical studies suggest that subsets of patients benefit from the combination of inhibitor targeting certain oncogenic signaling pathway with endocrine therapy. Especially, inhibition of the GDC-0449化学结构 m TOR signaling pathway, a key component implicated http://www.selleck.cn/products/tenofovir-alafenamide-gs-7340.html in mediating multiple signaling cascades, offers a promising approach to restore sensitivity to endocrine therapy in breast
cancer. We systematically reviewed important publications cited in Pub Med, recent abstracts from ASCO annual meetings and San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, and relevant trials registered at Clinical Trials.gov. We present the molecular mechanisms contributing to endocrine resistance, in particular focusing on the biological rationale for the clinical development of novel targeted agents in endocrine resistant breast cancer. We summarize clinical trials utilizing novel strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance, highlighting the need to better identify the appropriate patients whose diseases are most likely to benefit from these specific strategies.
目前,我国原发性肝癌(primary
liver cancer,P L C)的治疗形势十分严峻,其从根本上取决于对PLC发病机制的系统认识.近年来,随着相关分子机制,诸如信号转导通路的不断阐明,PLC的治疗正面临新的机遇和挑战.分子靶向药物(molecular targeted agents),包括酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和单克隆抗体等,正是基于这些理论前提才得以出现和得到迅猛发展.他已逐渐成为PLC治疗的新宠,也代表了未来的发展方向.本文就新近出现的分子机制研究及靶向药物的特点及趋势作一综述.可以预见,分子机制研究的突破会创造更为有效的靶向药物,配合规范的综合治疗,最终可使PLC的治疗获得新成功.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer with an extremely poor survival rate for the patients diagnosed with locally 很少 invasive and metastatic disease states. Intensive research has led in last few years to an improvement of the early detection and curative treatment of primary cutaneous melanomas that are confined to the skin by tumor surgical resection. However, locally advanced and disseminated melanomas are generally resistant to conventional treatments, including ionizing radiation, systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy and/or adjuvant stem cellbased therapies, and result in the death of patients.